The Ratio Of Elderly To Working-age Adults Is More Than A Number. It I

The ratio of elderly to working-age adults is more than a number. It is also the fuel for political debate over federal entitlement programs for the elderly and a key to understanding consumer demand in any market. Nationally, the ratio will begin to grow rapidly when the oldest baby boomers reach age 65 in 2010, and this has dire implications for Social Security. But the boomers' retirement won't turn every city into Sun City. Aging will be dramatic in places with few children, but some of today's retirement zones will get younger. Aspen, CO (Pitkin County, 1996 population 14,160) has only 6 elderly residents per 100 workers, compared with a national average of 27 per 100. This ultra-affluent resort also has just 22 children per 100 workers, compared with a national average of 47 per 100. If Aspen's boomers stay in town, the county's lack of children could cause its old-age dependency ratio to increase more than fivefold by 2020. Nationally, the ratio is projected to increase about 42 percent, according to Woods & Poole Economics. Military bases also have relatively few elderly residents. The lowest elderly-to-worker ratio in the country is in Fort Benning, GA (Chattahoochee County, pop. 15,600), with just 3 elderly per 100 workers. While that ratio could reach 12 per 100 in 2020, Fort Benning will still seem young compared with a projected national ratio of 37 per 100. In many Florida retirement counties, today's elderly-to-worker ratio exceeds the projected national ratio for 2020. The oldest county is Highlands, FL (pop. 74,850), with 73 retirees per 100 workers in 1996. And if northern snowbirds keep flocking to the wide-open palmetto prairies of Flagler County (pop. 40,480), the ratio could increase from 51 per 100 now to 117 per 100 in 2020. But most of Florida's major metros won't see such dramatic change. And in a few places, such as Fort Lauderdale (Broward County, pop. 1,441,780), workers may gain ground as young Hispanics and other migrants overwhelm a fixed population of retirees. The population in more than 150 counties could get younger as America ages. This isn't always good economic news: the Great Plains has been losing workers for decades, and counties like Osborne, KS (pop. 4,600) are dominated by elderly natives who are "aging in place." As this generation passes away, places like Osborne could become younger, smaller, and poorer. There are rural counties with lots of children, such as Mormon-dominated Beaver County, UT (pop. 5,210). And suburban behemoths like Riverside County, CA (pop. 1,406,440) will stay young if they remain attractive to working families. The ratio of elderly to working-age adults is a crude measure of economic dependency, because some people work past age 65 while others aged 18 to 64 are not in the labor force. An increase in this ratio won't necessarily bring economic ruin, either. Social Security could be saved by a combination of political reform, boomers delaying their retirement, and a rapid increase in the economic output of workers. Children will also consume less of society's resources, because the ratio of children to working-age adults is projected to decline 11 percent between 1996 and 2020. What is certain for many markets is a massive shift in focus toward the concerns of aging. To see the future of Colorado, look at Florida. As boomers age, the diversity of this large group grows increasingly clear. "People talk about the 78 million boomers as though somehow they came out of the chute at the same time," says David B. Wolfe, an author and consultant based in Reston, Virginia. The boomer term is "mostly meaningless," he adds. Deciphering the factors that determine boomer behavior can help businesses predict what this group will want and need in the future. This year, the nation's 78 million boomers are aged 31 to 49. As a result, they are much more likely than either younger or older adults to have dependent children at home. Despite delayed marriage and high divorce rates, boomers these days are most likely to be part of a married-couple family. Even among the youngest boomers, nearly two-thirds are currently married. Sixty-two percent of adults aged 30 to 44 have children under age 18 at home, compared with 37 percent of those

Free Essays on French And Industrial Revolution

During the 18th and 19th centures two major revolutions created great changes in not only Europe but throughout the whole world. Through these revolutions the societies, politics, economic and cultures were greatly changes. These two revolution happened for two very differnt reasons. The French revolution occured because the French people were tired of thier oppresed situation. They were tired of being poor, hungry, and living in squalor. In contrast to this the Industrial revolution happened as an offset to the scientific revolution. They were set on the idea of humans conqouring nature, so they set out to do so with the use of machinery. The French revolution sought to overthrow the idea of the Three Estates. The The Estates was the way the French broke up their governmental system in the 18th century. The first Estate consisted of the clergy, the second of the nobility, adn the third of the commoners. The commoners largely dominated the French population. At this time the Frech monarchy was experiencing many problems with their system. There was economic stresses, bad harvests, food shortages, high unemployment, and rising prices. This casued a delemia and caused the National Assembly to meet at Versaills on May 5 1789. Here the Three Estates met with their representavies. The Third Estate, being the largest, had twice as many representives as the First or the Second Estates. This caused some arguments in whcih the Third Estates wanted to vote according to people, which the First and the Second didn't. The Third Estate was later locked from the National Assembly because of their dislike of the current governmental system. The Third Estate revolted and the commoners banded together, overthrowing the monarchy. One of the most famoues scenes is of the storming of the Bastile. Though the Bastitle only had seven prisons at the time it marked an important turning point in the French Revolution. In September 1792 t... Free Essays on French And Industrial Revolution Free Essays on French And Industrial Revolution During the 18th and 19th centures two major revolutions created great changes in not only Europe but throughout the whole world. Through these revolutions the societies, politics, economic and cultures were greatly changes. These two revolution happened for two very differnt reasons. The French revolution occured because the French people were tired of thier oppresed situation. They were tired of being poor, hungry, and living in squalor. In contrast to this the Industrial revolution happened as an offset to the scientific revolution. They were set on the idea of humans conqouring nature, so they set out to do so with the use of machinery. The French revolution sought to overthrow the idea of the Three Estates. The The Estates was the way the French broke up their governmental system in the 18th century. The first Estate consisted of the clergy, the second of the nobility, adn the third of the commoners. The commoners largely dominated the French population. At this time the Frech monarchy was experiencing many problems with their system. There was economic stresses, bad harvests, food shortages, high unemployment, and rising prices. This casued a delemia and caused the National Assembly to meet at Versaills on May 5 1789. Here the Three Estates met with their representavies. The Third Estate, being the largest, had twice as many representives as the First or the Second Estates. This caused some arguments in whcih the Third Estates wanted to vote according to people, which the First and the Second didn't. The Third Estate was later locked from the National Assembly because of their dislike of the current governmental system. The Third Estate revolted and the commoners banded together, overthrowing the monarchy. One of the most famoues scenes is of the storming of the Bastile. Though the Bastitle only had seven prisons at the time it marked an important turning point in the French Revolution. In September 1792 t...

To what extent can knowledge of tumour associated antigens be useful Essay

To what extent can knowledge of tumour associated antigens be useful in the management of cancer patients Illustrate your answe - Essay Example This research paper is focused on basic attempts of TAAs identification and the role they play for different types of tumors. TAAS vs Cancer The important role of tumor associated antigens (TAAs) can be explained in the following way: they are present in cancer cells and can cause a powerful antitumor immune response among patients with lung carcinoma or any other type of cancer. There are the following types of identified TAAs: MAGE and BAGE families, gp 100, SART-1, tyrosinase, MUC-1 and others (Akimov, 2004). They are used by immunotherapy for treating cancer. Nevertheless, there is no satisfactorily level of this kind of treatment (Danussi, Coslovi, Campa, Mucignat, Spessotto, Uggeri, Paoletti, Colombatti, 2009). Therefore, there is a need to focus more on identification of TAAs and available TAAs to target. There is an option to identify TAAS with the help of â€Å"serological analysis of recombinant c DNA expression libraries (SEREX), using tumor mRNA and autologous serum from a patients with NSCLC. SEREX analysis of a range of different human tumor types has identified a number of tumor antigens with diagnostic and therapeutic potential† (Akimov, 2004). Different approaches are being currently developed and it is of high importance for the modern researchers and scientists to identify relevance of TAAs in dealing with different types of cancer. ... MAGE-3 is the most broadly known CT antigen, which is the first and foremost target for cancer vaccines (Slovin, Ragupathi, Fernandez, Diani, Jefferson, Wilton, Kelly, Morris, Solit, Clausen, Livingston, Scher, 2007). On the basis of different researchers and laboratory experiments, the scientists are looking for a correlation between TAAs identification and assessment of patient’s cell’s response to TAA’s. Strategies for vaccine development have been correlated with identification and management of TAAs. Highly attractive targets for cancer vaccines are cancer testis (CT) antigens. These antigens are applicable for different forms of various human cancers. In accordance with current data, â€Å"MAGE antigens are expressed in about 40% of non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) cases [8]. In summary, this analysis provided further insights in the immunogenicity of lung cancer with respect to antigen specific humoral and cellular immune responses† (Vonderheide, 2002). There is a clear tendency to find out universal antigens. The most serious preventive factor for a proper searching for TAAs is that different patients with different forms of cancer have not been treated by a so-called â€Å"universal† TAAs. Therefore, there is a need for universal tumor-associated antigens. Consequently, the modern scientists and researchers are focused on searching for a new type of TAAs dealing with different types of tumor. One of the most optimal methods is â€Å"epitope deduction†, which begins with a number of database analyses focused on appropriate gene products’ selection and further scanning of the deduced protein sequence for peptides, known as MHC binding motifs (Vonderheide, 2002). This method is independent from the existence of an innate anti-tumor T-cell

Arts Administration Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Arts Administration - Essay Example Organizations are feeling the need to address the problem of the deficit brought about by the problems in the economy (Bonser, 2005). Arts administrators have been very much needed the past few years in various profit and non-profit organizations dedicated to the culture and the arts. This only proves that the society and the economy that caters to arts are already embracing the business component of their endeavors (Bonser, 2005). Choosing arts administration as a field of study can open up to various possibilities in the arts industry. It also promises a big contribution to the society. Arts administrators, dedicated and well-trained, are expected to help the arts institutions to confront the financial situation and organizational limits and to cater to the interests and needs of the clients and enthusiasts. At the same time, the arts administrators are also expected to have the understanding of what counts in the artistic community (Bonser, 2005). In the United States alone, there are various schools that offer Arts Administration program. These schools and universities offer considerable courses for their students and they have very comprehensive curriculum. These institutions are known for their strong commitment in developing the capabilities and skills of the students, thereby providing a strong support to the current state and the future of the arts community (Bonser, 2005). Fashion Institute of Technology The Fashion Institute of Technology or FIT is located in New York. The school is based in the middle of the city, just perfect for the institute which provides a link between creativity and commerce. It provides academic programs for students who want a career in the arts industry with at least 30 fields to choose from. The courses vary from the Master's to Bachelor's and Associate's Degree. The programs vary. There is the credit certificate program, online course and international programs (FIT, 2006). FIT recognizes the need to go beyond instilling among the students a good background in history of the arts. This is why a number of the programs FIT offers today also teach skills in technology and business. The Fashion Institute of Technology has Associate Degree and Bachelor of Science Degree Programs that have a comprehensive curriculum, covering a specific arts field and the other disciplines required in management for that specific field. Some of these programs are the Fashion Merchandising Management, Production Management and Visual Management. They incorporate the significant resources of the school in the field of Arts and Design, Liberal Arts, and Business and Technology. Through this, school aims to be able to develop the communication and business skills among the students (FIT, 2006). FIT also offers Arts Administration in its Graduate Program in Art Market: Principles and Practice. This was formerly known as the Gallery and Retail Art Administration. It prepares its students for careers in art galleries, auction houses, art market services or public art administration. There are classes in art history and history of collecting. There are also courses tackling practical disciplines like art law, professional ethics, design and management of galleries, business and marketing. Applicants for the graduate program must

Fruits As Battery Essay Example for Free

Fruits As Battery Essay Additional information Batteries are devices that store chemical energy and convert it to electrical energy. Consisting of one or more voltaic cells, batteries come in various sizes and forms and are integrated into most electronic and portable devices. Electrical current is the flow of electrons (movement) of an electrical charge and is measured using an ammeter. Solid conductive metals contain large population of free electrons, which are bound to the metal lattice and move around randomly due to thermal energy. When two terminals of a voltage source (battery) are connected via a metal wire, the free electrons of the conductor drift toward the positive terminal, making them the electrical current carrier within the conductor. Required materials Citrus fruits, such as lemons, limes, grapefruits, or oranges. Copper nail, approximately 2 inches in length Galvanized (zinc) nail, about 2 inches in length Small colored or opaque light bulb with a 2 inch lead, such as a holiday LED light. Note that there needs to be enough wire to connect to the nails. Electrical tape or Crocodile (aka: gator) clip (optional) Micro Ammeter a measuring instrument used to measure the electric current in a circuit, can be found at your local Radio Shack store. (optional) Estimated Experiment Time About 5 to 10 minutes Step-By-Step Procedure 1. Prepare your fruit for the experiment by squeezing it on all sides with your hands. Make sure not to squeeze too tightly and break the skin! The idea is to soften the fruit enough so that the juice inside are flowing. 2. Insert your nails into the fruit, approximately 2 inches apart from one another. The ends (sharp tips) of the nails should be in the center of the fruit, but not touching one another. Be careful not to pierce the nails through the opposite end of the fruit. 3. Remove the insulation around the bulb wires (the leads) so you can expose the wire underneath. You need to remove enough insulation so you can wrap the exposed wire around the nails. 4. Take one of the exposed wires and wrap it around the galvanized (zinc) nail. If the wire keeps slipping off, use some electrical tape or gator clips to keep it attached. 5. Wrap the other end of the wire around the copper nail. 6. When the second wire is attached to the copper nail, your bulb will light up! Note The size of the light bulb will affect how brightly its lit. LED lights require the least amount of energy to light and thus are the best candidates for this experiment. If you have a Micro Ammeter, you can use it to compare the effectiveness of various fruits in relation to electrical current. If using a Micro Ammeter, follow these steps: 1. Connect one of the Micro Ammeters terminals to the copper nail and attach with a Crocodile clip. 2. Connect the other Micro Ammeters terminal to the galvanized plate and attach with a Crocodile clip. Try using different kinds of fruits and measure the differences between them. You may want to consider tomatoes (yes, they ARE fruit) as they have one of the highest pH levels of fruits, making them perfect for this experiment. Observation Do you think another kind of fruit would work with this experiment? How about a vegetable? Which fruit has the best conductivity? Do you think moving the  nails further apart will change the current? Do you think your fruit will continue to power the light bulb after a few hours? How about a few days? Do you think the size of the fruit would effect the voltage? Result The zinc nail is an active metal, which reacts with the acid in the fruit. The active ingredient in the fruit are positively charged ions. A transfer of electrons takes place between the zinc nail and the acid from the fruit. The nails act as poles for the battery, one positive and one negative. Electrons travel from the positive pole to the negative pole via the light bulb wire (the conductor), generating enough electricity to light the bulb.

Graduation Speech -- Graduation Speech, Commencement Address

When they were trying to find someone to give this speech they first asked the most intelligent, smart person they could find. But she turned them down. So then they asked the most beautiful, lovely, attractive person they could find. She also turned them down. Next they asked the nicest, sweetest, kindest, most sincere person they could find. Then I decided it would be rude to turn them down three times in a row, so here I am. How many people here like tomato soup? Come on, raise your hand if you like tomato soup. OK, thank you. That was a really simple question, you either like it or you don't. I wish high school had been that easy. However, as we all know, it wasn't. As the National Honor Society speaker, you probably expect me to speak about something very scholarly, but I'm not....

Actual Outcomes of Paris Peace Conference Essay

Down and out in Paris and London is the work of an elite author by name George Orwell which was published in 1933. It explains in two parts, the subject of poverty about two cities. It gives an account of his survival in Paris and his experience as a casual laborer. In his second part he tells of his life in London. This he uses the viewpoint of a tramp and what accommodation is available. This book so compelling as it is written in a way that it gives a personal touch as Orwell tells of his opinions. George Orwell visualizes how poverty can pull people together as they try to find a solution to their predicaments. He gives a picture of how people in need and of course the peasant’s takes friendship seriously. Coming together is the only way to get a solution for their almost similar issues. George Orwell in his writings addresses the needs of the poor and their issues but he uses his experience to show that poverty is not permanent. Orwell life in the streets taught him that it’s not everybody in the street that is lazy but it’s just that their hard work is hardly rewarded. One can have beautiful plans but he never knows what lies ahead. See more:  Capital budgeting essay His efforts for the first year only brought him twenty pounds and just as he had plans to save and maybe redeem himself an obstacle in form of a thief shattered his dreams. The poor have a way of sticking together and are easily moved by the experiences of the others. Orwell never became a radical but rather he took an outside position, as he probed into the environment of the workers and the poor. He was skeptical of the working class capacity in politics. Though he emphasized of middle class failure to mingle with the working class, he had a kinship attraction to the working class. He was in love with their culture and defended them as decent people defied by economic factors. Orwell is criticized for putting more emphases on confidential social characteristics as preferred to the material discrepancies and conflicts among the labor and the owners of capital. He imagined the common people still lived lives of absolute morals and bad from which intellectuals had escaped long ago. Orwell rejects anti-essentialist pattern. This leads him to a suspicion that the intelligentsia never sought to mingle with the working class but rather to overrun them. Orwell appreciates the low housing values like tactless, stupid, sexist humor, and bawdiness not for what it represents but for what it is. He hails beer and those who take it. He legitimizes the culture of the working class that is the racist and sexist themes. Their loyalty to guns and capital punishment must not be marked as impacts of alienation but can be made regal by the culture. The middle class have had a lot of feedback from Orwell as ties to identify with the working class. The great depression was a serious economic crisis between 1929 and 1933. It led to so many people loosing their jobs and even the farmers were not spared. Businesses went bankrupt and industries were incapacitated. In his book down and out in Paris and London, George Orwell tells of his experience in while living with the unemployed and the miners. However, the most significant thing between the Great depression and George Orwell, is that this is when he was â€Å"born†. Just to give an insight, a child Eric Blair was born to a family of British middle class in 1903 in India. In his child hood, he had experienced the good side of the British empire and had the best education. Blair’s future seemed bright and naturally he was expected to follow in his dad’s footstep. Thus in 1922, he linked up with the imperial police who were stationed in Burma. However, Blair had gotten his suspicion for the ruling class and their unlawful authority as he was undergoing education in Eton. After working for five years, his conscious could not stand the oppression and exploitation in Burma. Thus he returned back to Britain influenced to be anti- imperialist. Upon his return, he was obviously not taking sides with the rule of the day and thus, to avoid bringing shame to his family, he was reborn through a change of name to George Orwell. His rebirth was marked by the documentations he wrote outlining the poor and the working class oppression. Among these documentaries was the book Down and Out in Paris and London 1933. The book Down and out in Paris and London has great connections with the history of Europe. First the writer gives a candid experience of the lives of the working class in London and in Paris. These cities are in Europe and thus a rather raw picture of Europe during the depression which has a great mark in European history is painted. The book literally talks more of the European history but in other words. The casual houses or the spikes are terms synonymous with the European world. It is in this book that George fighting in the Spanish war for the republicans during the Second World War. Some of these experiences are what we learn in the European history but they sound more convincing when they come from a man who really had an upper hand as they happened. In conclusion This book is a perfect picture of the specific historical details about the political and economic circumstances of Europe in the 1920s and early 1930s. Orwell describes poverty as he saw it and experienced it. It is brutal, debilitating, full of suffering and demeaning to the core of one’s being. It was almost impossible for George to publish his book. It is disputed as to whether the original publication really came to see the light of the day. Many publishers could not agree to publish George’s book as the reality covered in it was really a sore to the authorities. The authorities could agree to face the reality that some of its people in the lower levels were being mistreated. They would rather stick to their belief that it was out of their own fault that they had to lead so miserable live. George had a tough time trying to convince that the lower class was decent people facing economic obstacles. The empathy exhibited by George was vey touchy. Some pessimistic argue the fact whether George was merely taking journalistic adventure. However, we get to learn the virtue of empathy in its essence.