Tiresias in Ovids Metamorphoses

Tiresias was a mythological blind seer who plays a significant role in Greek tragedy involving the House of Thebes. Shakespeares comedy Midsummer Nights Dream, Boccaccios Decameron, Chaucers Canterbury Tales, the Thousand and One Arabian Nights, and Ovids Metamorphoses are among the most famous collections of stories in which one story surrounds another. The outer stories provide little more than a framework or rationale for the more interesting, frequently bawdy, shenanigans within. The frame of Ovids Metamorphoses is a history of events from the days of creation to Ovids present, but with a twist: All stories told must involve physical transformations (metamorphoses). Verifiably historical figures are limited to the emperors Julius and Augustus whose transformations are from mortals to gods. Other transformed figures come from Greco-Roman myth and legend. The House of Thebes Book Three of Ovids Metamorphoses relates the story of the House of Thebes but not in a straightforward chronological manner. Instead, there are digressions and inset stories. Members of the House of Thebes include: Cadmus: Cadmus created the sown men (Spartans) by sowing dragons teeth. He is the founder of Thebes.Oedipus: An oracle warned Oedipus parents that their baby would grow up to murder his father and marry his mother. The parents thought they had had their baby killed, but he was saved and lived to carry out the prophecy.Dionysus: Dionysus was a god who made mortals see things other than as they really were. In this way he caused one of his unbelievers to be torn apart by his own mother.Semele: Semele was the mother of Dionysus, but when she asked Zeus, her mate, to reveal himself in his full glory, it was too much for her and she burned up. Zeus snatched the unborn Dionysus and sewed him into his thigh. The Story of Tiresias One of the important peripheral figures in the House of Thebes legends is the blind seer Tiresias, whose  story, Ovid is introduced in Metamorphoses Book Three. Tiresias tale of woe and transformation began when he separated two mating snakes for no apparent reason. Instead of poisoning Tiresias with indignant viper venom, the snakes magically transformed him into a woman. Tiresias  wasnt too happy with their new transgendered metamorphoses  but lived as a woman for seven years before figuring out a technique that would either kill her or reverse the operation. Since striking the snakes had worked before, she tried it again. It worked, and he became a man again, but unfortunately, his life story came to the attention of two of the most contentious of the Olympians, Juno (Hera for the Greeks) and her husband Jupiter (Zeus for the Greeks). A Womans Pleasure Juno claimed she was doing little more than servicing Jupiter, while Jupiter claimed he wasnt getting enough bang for his buck, so to speak. Like a bolt of lightning, inspiration hit the thunder god. He would consult the one person who could resolve their argument. Only Tiresias knew both sides of the coupling argument. Tiresias didnt have much choice this time. He had to answer. Jupiter was right, he said. The pleasure woman derives from sex is greater. Juno was outraged. In her anger, she made the man blind, but Jupiter, gratified, rewarded Tiresias with the power of seeing the future. Other Legends of Tiresias Tiresias appears in the Oedipus legends and dramas, including Euripides Bacchae, and in Odysseus underworld adventure, but in Ovids Metamorphoses, he shares his gift in two additional, transformational stories, those of Narcissus and Echo, and Bacchus and Pentheus.

Darwin s Theory Of Evolution Of Species - 1354 Words

In 1831, a newly graduated botanist named Charles Darwin was offered a position on a five year voyage mapping the coasts of South America. Darwin eagerly accepted this offer, seeing it as an opportunity to study specimens discovered on his journey. Upon returning to London, Darwin spent the next ten years meticulously cataloging and researching his findings. It was these studies that gave birth to a much deeper and more impactful discussion; the origins of species. Prior to Darwin’s studies the discussion of the origin of man was dominated by creationism, or the belief that we derive from god, who created us all in his image. For the next thirty years, Darwin devoted himself to researching the long standing question â€Å"where did we come†¦show more content†¦It is more of an alternate perspective on the driving force behind biological evolution. Rather than thinking that natural selection and random mutation lead evolution, theistic evolutionists hypothesize that g od only used evolution as a means to create man, a process often referred to as â€Å"Guided Evolution†. Regardless of the interpretation, both forms assert that life stems from a common ancestor, created by god and designed to be the beginning of the evolutionary process. A glaring objection to this idea is that of the Book of Genesis, which displays the origin of man from a creationist point of view. According to this piece of work, God created the physical world in entirety within six days, and finally creating man from dust on the seventh day. Theistic evolutionists emphasize the metaphorical meaning behind the Book of Genesis, while holding their position that the words should not be taken literally, and the components of the story did not actually happen. There are several arguments that are made in opposition to guided evolution, the most widely used objection is the â€Å"Problem of Evil†. The problem of evil questions how one could reconcile the existence evil in the world with an omnibenevolent god. In regards to guided evolution, if god really designed the entire process with an end goal of creating man, why include so many wasteful and cruel components? If god was in fact all-lovingShow MoreRelatedEvolution And Evolution Of Evolution1110 Words   |  5 PagesEvolution What is evolution? How did life even come about? People really ask this questions not knowing how this thing called life came about. With this being said this is where we come back to the question of what is evolution. Evolution the process in which life undergo changes over time. Also where organisms are transformed or adjust into something different in order to cope with different surrounding changes. 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Hr Practices In Bc Ministry Of Citizens’ Services †Free Samples

Question: Discuss about the Hr Practices In Bc Ministry Of Citizens Services. Answer: Three Ways to Improve BC Ministrys Millennial Talent and Skill Employment The Ministry of Citizens Services offers an extensive range of services to the British Columbians across the province, both in person as well as online. The Ministry caters around workforce planning, succession management, learning and development, and further provides human resources knowledge and expertise to clients within the Ministry. As per Karandeep Manak, the Strategic Workforce Planner, majority of the transactional human resources services such as compensation and benefits are executed within the BC Service agency, which is referred as the Government HR domain (Lindquist, Vincent Wanna, 2013). The BC Ministrys Public Services formerly known as Ministry of Technology, Innovation and Citizens Services executes a dynamic role in the government sector to support corporate, general public, government ministries along with the wide range of public sector organizations. The Ministry further accomplishes the changing desires of its public sector stakeholders in a cost effective, a pproachable and accessible manner. Majority of the services of the Ministry lies with the Ministry partners by providing cyber security and workstations (Eagles et al., 2013). However, few of their services involve development of corporate strategies, legislation, operations, training and development and compliance. Comprising a workforce of seventeen hundred people, the Ministry is spread through the British Council catering mainly at Victoria, comprises of seven varied divisions namely corporate information, corporate service division, office of chief information and more. The Ministry provides ample of facilities to retain the employee base and its efficiency and is regarded as one of the largest organizations of British Council and one of Canadians top and greenest employers (Charter, 2017). However, the Strategic Workforce Planner of BC Ministry of Public Services Agency stated that the lucrative and benefits of this agency is not prominent amongst many in comparison to the oth er employment sectors. Its services are unknown to a large portion of the millennial. In recent times, the generation born between years 1980 to 1995 known as the millennials have comprised the majority section of the Canadian labour force. However, they are finding this workforce extensively complex as well risk taking in order to sustain in the public service domain. Certain researches have revealed that the federal public sector has been experiencing increasing rates of disputes and challenges in the context of millennial recruitment that at present comprises of almost forty percent of the largest generational contribution of Canadians workforce (Ng Gossett, 2013). On the contrary, only one-fourth of BC Ministry of Public Service is constituted by the millennials and the rest is still predominant by workforce aging from forty to sixty years. The Ministry must implement effective tools to attract a strong assemblage of millennials by incorporating meaningful work, lateral mobility, work life balance facilities and rewards which the millennials are looking for (Meln ychuk, 2013). The hiring manager or HR management team of the Ministry must bring the appropriate amalgamation of new millennial employees who can merge absolutely with the existing ones and further influence and be the reason for effective productivity of the Public service sector. The role of advanced social media platform and mobile technology play a vital role in the lives of millennials (Broughton et al., 2013). The hiring manager concentrates on social networking trends to comprehend the candidate landscape and exclusively communicate with the candidates. HR professionals must focus on social media outlets and SEO to explore the available vacancies (Chan-Olmsted, Rim Zerba, 2013). Technology is one tool, which drives the major section of the millennials. The millennials being raised up computer technology and hence intensely embedded with social media. Through services such as LinkedIn, the majority of millennial skills are being bombarded with several new job offers thus enc ouraging Millennials to shift to innovative employment offers and better remuneration. Talent development can be considered as another approach to improve the Ministrys millennial talent hiring. It must be noted that around seventy percent of millennials being dissatisfied with the organizations leadership techniques leave the organization (Orpwood, Schmidt Hu, 2013). Thus, effective training and induction is regarded as a significant tool to retain millennial that must be implemented by the HR department of the Ministry. Unlike the baby boomers, millennials with their intense connectivity with mobile technology believes in approaches related to it. Thus, micro learning can be a way to provide satisfaction to the learning expectations as well as preferences of the millennials (Espinoza Ukleja, 2016). This type of learning involves small learning units with minimum time duration which can be executed in a convenient and reachable manner. Learning and development is considered as a significant perk by the youth in order to evaluate prospective employers. The third way in which the rate of millennial hiring can be improved by the BC Ministry is rewards and recognition. The millennials are more inclined towards rewards and financial rewards than job security. Millennials devalue employers who fail to encourage and recognize appropriate talent and skill (Pease et al., 2014). They seek for feedback and acknowledgement for the work they perform. The HR professionals of Ministry must work on implementing rewards and acknowledging young recruits to retain their engagement and satisfaction towards the public service sector. One of the effective methods to ascertain the organizations growth is to truly motivate and identify specific actions and attitudes of the millennial workforce. Deloitte, one of the big fours, has successfully implemented a comprehensive on boarding programme to encourage the work of their millennial recruits who comprises almost half of the client facing labour force (Ozcelik, 2015). With the majority of millennials winn ing over todays private sector, Ministry must begin to implement the aforementioned methods to enhance the millennial personnel in public services. Three Strengths of the Ministrys Selection Procedure BC Ministry of Citizens Services typically uses its job seekers page of their website to follow their recruitment procedures. It consists of a very structured selection process and is rigorously maintained for all roles and divisions across the ministry. Primarily the hiring manager conducts this procedure. There are six key phases included in the employment procedure which ranges from looking for the posting the criteria until candidate selection. Selection of Recruitment Options- The hiring manager must take in account a wider array of choices for effective staffing productivity and flexibility as well as address the major concerns related to employee development, succession strategies and talent shortcomings. Defining Selection Criteria: The hiring executive must concentrate on defining the selection criteria based on the current requirements of the job. Properly structured requirements will permit candidates to determine whether their expertise would match the desired requirements ("Steps in the Hiring Process - Province of British Columbia", 2018). The primary concern of the hiring manager must be to reconsider the minimum educational qualification, skills, competencies, experience of the applicants along with the preferences required for the position. Job Posting: The hiring manager selects the most appropriate selection requirements from the hiring request form. Recruitment Documentation: Documentation and maintain credentials of the whole recruitment process and further sustain a complete file for every hiring action is required by the Hiring and Deployment as well as government records management policy. The hiring manager retains an appropriate record based on the decision for which public service workers can be taken into account. Evaluation and Selection: The recruitment decisions are based on the principles of merit and experience in order to ascertain the unbiased and unprejudiced aspect of the Ministry ("Steps in the Hiring Process - Province of British Columbia", 2018).. Several screening and evaluation tools are implemented to select the appropriate applicant for the required position. Several managers prefer ton conduct written assignment which consists of a pass or fail threshold prior to the personal interview for the selected ones. However, past experiences are also considered in this phase of hiring. Extension of Offer: The applicants selected via the Recruitment Management System, are provided with the offer letter. However, offering as well as providing necessary suggestions and feedback to the unsuccessful candidates is one of the vital aspects of the Ministrys hiring process. The applicants are set Consent for Disclosure of Criminal Record Information for security screening process ("Steps in the Hiring Process - Province of British Columbia", 2018). Under the Public Service Act, the hiring manager must notify all the unsuccessful applicants of the decision and further provide feedback with thorough explanations of not being offered. According to Strategic Workforce Planner, Karandeep Manak, one of the key strengths in the selection process of Ministry lies within its immense commitment in the recruitment and development of expertise, extremely talented and efficient public service domain which performs as a representative of the diversity of the citizens of British Columbia. It encourages employment justice as well as diversity in the administrative centre and further acknowledges applicants belonging to diverse groups which embrace women, visible marginal sections, indigenous communities as well as people belonging from diverse sexual orientation and other who can be a part of the BC Public Service Agency ("Steps in the Hiring Process - Province of British Columbia", 2018. The ministry believes in recognizing innovative and unique approaches to support a diversified, considerate and collaborative work ambience. The BC Public Service is dedicated to the principles of diversity, inclusion and value. Thus, it part icipates in employing labour who represent the population the Ministry caters in, eradicate obstacles which causes prevention to equitable employment, encouraging honourable work environment where each employee is aware of the performance of the others. The second strength of the selection procedure lies on the unique work environment strategy of the Ministry. The Ministry acknowledges culture, which promotes work-life balance. This results the Ministry to be rewarded with immense efficient, loyal and committed employee base. The employees however need to ascertain the Ministry regarding the productivity of their services ("Steps in the Hiring Process - Province of British Columbia", 2018). The Ministry encourages its employees to work for a scheduled period and further spend time with respective families. This has led to the growth and increase productivity, less stressed labour force, greater level of employee satisfaction and loyalty. The Ministry also encourages Mobile working, which encourages employees to work from their own comfort zones or from their places. The Ministry, in recent times has introduced a new three year Diversity and Inclusion Action Strategy that can be considered as the third strength of its selection process, which assists in recruitment, growth and retaining a diversified influx of skills and talent that further provides an idea of citizens the Ministry serves. The Ministry introduces has introduced certain Public Service Agency Campaigns and Plans which facilitates to the capacity development and enhances the competitiveness and supervising outcomes ("Multiculturalism Anti-Racism - Province of British Columbia", 2018). Some of the programmes and strategies implemented by the Ministry are as follows Aboriginal Youth Internship- It refers to the work knowledge program that establishes the Aboriginal youths professional as well as leadership expertise. Early Intervention and Return to Work Program- This program enables executives and the workers to be in contact with occupational health nurses as well as early intervention and return to perform in order to support an employee to continue working or to resume at the earliest ("Multiculturalism Anti-Racism - Province of British Columbia", 2018). Occupational Health and Safety Program- This program is considered as an essential bylaw workforce program that envelops the actions required for illness and damage prevention at the workplace. Provincial Employees Community Services Fund (PECSF)- Program introduced to concentrate on the payroll deduction process is to aid charitable giving executed by the Ministry. Three Limitations of the Recruitment Procedure of the Ministry and their Suitable Recommendations One of the key criteria, which the Ministry emphasizes on, is core knowledge base that is experienced employee base. Employees who have been working in a particular domain for a relevant period are immensely valued in the recruitment procedure of the Ministry. It believes in the strong knowledge base that further results in increased productivity with minimal errors. The Ministry, being an organization that provides services to the public, has great reliance on employees who understand and comprehend the work culture and improve the morale and principles of the company. Another factor that is the retention strategy further influences the slow recruitment process of the Ministry largely (Noon, Blyton Morrell, 2013). The hiring management believes that long-term employees are loyal towards the organization and can easily be motivated through competitive health insurance as well as retirement schemes, which is indeed a unique feature of the Ministry. However, the HR department of the p ublic services must focus on hiring new and ambitious talent rather than solely concentrating on previous experience (Durocher, Bujaki Brouard, 2016). Millennials characterize the hunger for learning new skills, innovation and never dithers to face any sort of risks or challenges. They Majority of the millennials are engaged in professional networking sites and can easily comprehend any new technology. As per records, four out of five millennials are aware of advanced technologies which would be a productive contribution to the public service sector. Lack of Human Capital Tools Usage can be regarded as another factor which is waning the employment process of the Ministry. The Canadian government recently is experiencing a number of risks and challenges to execute the most of the human capital tools and techniques. The Ministry must work on employing skilled recruits with acquired expertise of implementing these tools effectively and perform better work resulting in growth of the public sector. The public sector because of its lack of collaboration and coherence is lagging behind in proper operation of these tools. However, with the use of Human Capital Management software the Ministry might recover the trailing recruitment procedure (Australian Public Service Commission, 2013). This strategy will not only select the ideal candidate for the required position and ability to form job descriptions with proper consultation from its stakeholders. Evaluation of applicant forms can be referred as the third limitation of the hiring process of the Ministry. The HR department of public services agency usually carries out screening of applications that has no association with the hire as well as no specific expertise related to the vacant position (DiMaggio, Nag Blei, 2013). The responsibility yet lies on the hiring department to evaluate the applications often results in losing many skilled or talented recruits who might have been suitable for the desired role. The Ministry can focus on social applicant screening which is regarded as one of the most essential applicant screening technique that minimizes the probabilities of forged applicants. However, social networking screening might not always work efficiently for hiring the right candidate (Gautier, 2015). In order to decrease any further fraudulent chances the hiring executives of the Ministry can rely on one-way video call interview that constricts the talent pool, separates the suitable candidates from thousands of candidatures and further enhances the chances of convenient for both the parties. References Australian Public Service Commission. (2013). Human Capital Matters 10. Broughton, A., Foley, B., Ledermaier, S., Cox, A. (2013). The use of social media in the recruitment process.Institute for Employment Studies,3(13), 1-42. Chan-Olmsted, S., Rim, H., Zerba, A. (2013). Mobile news adoption among young adults: Examining the roles of perceptions, news consumption, and media usage.Journalism Mass Communication Quarterly,90(1), 126-147. Charter, M. (Ed.). (2017).Greener marketing: A responsible approach to business. Routledge. DiMaggio, P., Nag, M., Blei, D. (2013). Exploiting affinities between topic modeling and the sociological perspective on culture: Application to newspaper coverage of US government arts funding.Poetics,41(6), 570-606. Durocher, S., Bujaki, M., Brouard, F. (2016). Attracting Millennials: Legitimacy management and bottom-up socialization processes within accounting firms.Critical perspectives on Accounting,39, 1-24. Eagles, P. F., Romagosa, F., Buteau-Duitschaever, W. C., Havitz, M., Glover, T. D., McCutcheon, B. (2013). Good governance in protected areas: An evaluation of stakeholders perceptions in British Columbia and Ontario Provincial Parks.Journal of Sustainable Tourism,21(1), 60-79. Espinoza, C., Ukleja, M. (2016).Managing the Millennials: Discover the core competencies for managing today's workforce. John Wiley Sons. Gautier, C. (2015).The psychology of work: Insights into successful working practices. Kogan Page Publishers. Lindquist, E. A., Vincent, S., Wanna, J. (2013).Putting citizens first: Engagement in policy and service delivery for the 21st century. ANU Press. Melnychuk, N. (2013). Retaining the millennial generation within the Canadian public sector. Multiculturalism Anti-Racism - Province of British Columbia. (2018).Www2.gov.bc.ca. Retrieved 11 March 2018, from https://www2.gov.bc.ca/gov/content/governments/multiculturalism-anti-racism Ng, E. S., Gossett, C. W. (2013). Career choice in Canadian public service: An exploration of fit with the millennial generation.Public Personnel Management,42(3), 337-358. Noon, M., Blyton, P., Morrell, K. (2013).The realities of work: Experiencing work and employment in contemporary society. Palgrave Macmillan. Orpwood, G. W., Schmidt, B. A., Hu, J. (2013).Competing in the 21st century skills race. Canadian Council of Chief Executives= Conseil canadien des chefs d'entreprise. Ozcelik, G. (2015). Engagement and retention of the millennial generation in the workplace through internal branding.International Journal of Business and Management,10(3), 99. Pease, G., Beresford, B., Beresford, B., Walker, L. (2014).Developing human capital: Using analytics to plan and optimize your learning and development investments. John Wiley Sons. Steps in the Hiring Process - Province of British Columbia. (2018).Www2.gov.bc.ca. Retrieved 11 March 2018, from https://www2.gov.bc.ca/gov/content/careers-myhr/hiring-managers/process

Ownership Of Multinational Enterprises In Tanzania Commerce Essay Example For Students

Ownership Of Multinational Enterprises In Tanzania Commerce Essay Vodacom Tanzania has shown its concern musculuss to other nomadic operator for the last decennary. Having good expert from Mother Company in South Africa, the company is able to do constructive determinations that has positively regard the company as leader in the market. Till now the bulk portions are held by Vodacom South Africa and the remainder are distributed to local stockholder. Ten old ages back Vodacom Tanzania came into the state to get down their operation. The company had a few prospect rivals at that clip, with the staying Companies unable to present a menace to Vodacom Tanzania. The company is holding a batch of rivals locally but merely a few airs a important menace. This is shown when you looked at the tabular array market portion and endorsers distribution in the industry. The papers went farther looking at the whole industry analysis utilizing SWOT as tool of analysis in relation to Vodacom Tanzania. The tool helps in analysing the strength and failing that any company ( Vodacom Tanzania ) might meet internally during operations, besides external factors that might act upon the Company during operations or when get downing. The construction of the industry can alter if the factors that influence it are adjusted slightly. These factors include the internal 1s such as engineering and external 1s like authorities intercession or client alteration in penchants. The nucleus aim of this papers is to demo how Vodacom Tanzania can make value to its operations by looking how the company set up its schemes both selling and pricing. Table OF CONTENTS CONTENTS Page no. AbstractaˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦i IntroductionaˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦.iii Vodacom Tanzania LimitedaˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦4 EmergenceaˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦4 OwnershipaˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦4 CompetitorsaˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦..4 Market shareaˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦.4 Industry analysisaˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦..5-6 StrengthaˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦ .aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦.5 WeaknessaˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦..6 OpportunityaˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦ 6 ThreatsaˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦..6 Events act uponing industry structureaˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦ 6-7 Vodacom Tanzania scheme and Value CreationaˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦7-8 Value ChainaˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦.8-9 ConfigurationaˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦8 Factors act uponing configurationaˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦.8-9 CoordinationaˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦ ..9 Decision and Recommendation aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦.aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦..10 Mention and bibliographyaˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦.aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦.11 Outline1 Introduction2 Vodacom Tanzania Limited3 Emergence of Vodacom Tanzania Limited4 Ownership5 Vodacom rivals6 Market portion7 Vodacom8 Zain9 Tigo10 Zantel11 TTCL12 Market Share13 ( % )14 Subscribers15 ( 1000000s )16 Industry analysis Swot Analysis17 SWOT Analysis18 Strength19 Failing20 Opportunity21 Menaces22 Table 1.123 Drumhead24 Strength25 Failings26 Opportunity27 Menaces28 Events that influence industry construction29 Rivals move30 Government31 Changes in economic sciences32 Switching of client penchant33 Technology developments34 Rate of market growing35 Collaborative schemes36 Vodacom Strategy and Value creative activity37 Selling schemes38 Pricing scheme39 Value Chain40 Configuration41 Factors that influence constellation in the value concatenation in relation to Vodacom Tanzania operations42 Cost factors43 Business environment44 Bunchs effects45 Logisticss46 Economic of graduated table47 Buyers demands48 Coordination49 Core competencies50 Operation obstructions51 Natio nal civilization52 Learning effects53 Decision54 Recommendation Introduction The cardinal aim of this assignment was see how an International company with some foreign ownership can make value to its clients. By looking at the scheme that is being used for case Vodacom Tanzania is utilizing differention scheme to hike value creative activity. Besides the assignment went farther to discourse the nomadic communicating industry and its up and down events that can alter it. By looking how the authorities is involved so as client can acquire value for their money they use. Vodacom Tanzania Limited Due to globalisation and its factors investing has been made easy. This is because many states changed their political position towards concern environment. Many authoritiess promote investor to come to their several states to make concern. Likewise companies can non merely put in foreign state but besides buy prospect concern in the host state. Emergence of Vodacom Tanzania Limited The company was created in the late 1999 as a subordinate of Vodacom South Africa and it completed GSM substructure in 14th August 2000 and announced start of operations the undermentioned twenty-four hours. Vodacom is a joint venture between Vodacom group which has bulk portion of 65 % and Tanzania stockholders, which are Planetel communicating Limited and Capsian Construction Limited sharing the remainder of equity. The company became the largest Mobile operator during the twelvemonth of launch and with up-to-date information it is still the taking nomadic communicating operator in Tanzania. ] Ownership As it has been mentioned above that Vodacom Tanzania is a subordinate of Vodacom South Africa and Vodacom group being the bulk stockholder with approximately 65 % portions. The place stockholders are Planetel communicating Limited and Capsian Construction limited who owns the remainder of portions. A collaborative confederation has been adapted by Vodacom to assist the company accomplish its mission and to better client service. Examples of stakeholders are Azania Bank ] Government Customer Niobium: The stakeholders mentioned supra are non the lone 1s who are involved with Vodacom Tanzania operations. Vodacom rivals It has been 10 old ages since Vodacom started runing in Tanzania but its laterality is still acknowledge, yet it was non the first Mobile operator in Tanzania. With likes of Tigo ab initio known as Mobitel and TTCL operating as land line operator severally, still Vodacom was able to perforate the market. Other rivals Zain Tanzania Zantel Market portion Growth was much strong in the twelvemonth 2008 for the nomadic operating companies nevertheless the overall sum fell somewhat by 0.1 % . Vodacom continued to bask the prima function it established from the beginning with over 40 % of the market portion. The below chart show the bar shared by nomadic communicating operators. Vodacom Zain Tigo Zantel TTCL Market Share ( % ) 43 27 16 10 3 Subscribers ( 1000000s ) 5.918 4.436 Undisclosed Undisclosed Undisclosed ( Table.1 ) Since its origin Vodacom has been taking the market with sensible border over its rivals. Nevertheless Vodacom s rivals are still maintaining up with gait as we have seen a figure of them are turning quickly for case Zantel and the return over of once Celtel to Zain. The scheme of these two companies has revamp competition in Tanzania nomadic communicating operators with unprecedented support. Industry analysis Swot Analysis Although telecommunication industry is non highly tapped both mainland and island Tanzania and Zanzibar severally grounds shows that some sectors are turning so is the engineering. The fixed line sector which TTCL has been the chief operator since the twelvemonth 2000, the Mobile operator is progressively turning quickly in the past decennary. With six companies runing two more are expected to fall in the race therefore high competition. SWOT Analysis Strength Foreign ownership Expert from South Africa Failing Unpredictable schemes Tanzania investors selling portions Opportunity Market portion Technology Infrastructure East African constellation Menaces New companies entrants Government policies and ordinance ( TCRA ) Tight competition East African constellation Table 1.1 Drumhead Strength As it has been mentioned in the class of this assignment the foreign ownership the company is being operated on. There are many portions owned by Vodacom group located in South Africa merely a few portions are being owned by local Tanzania investors. So the foreign ownership is what is ruling the operations of the Vodacom Company with 65 % portion and remainders belong to the local investors. Vodacom Tanzania is the 2nd company in Africa, to travel to 3G High-speed downlink Packet entree ( HSDPA ) . Sir Gawain and The Green Knight Imagery EssayPricing scheme Vodacom show instances their scheme through monetary value the offer to client and the service they introduce. The company offer different monetary values to the client the monetary value monetary values include low income earners and high income earners. The rate at which Vodacom charges its client is what differs to other rivals who have gone for low cost scheme. Recently Vodacom Tanzania has introduced a service called Cheka clip , which let low income client to afford the service at really inexpensive monetary value. This scheme is being used by the other Mobile operators and it has proven successfully, but late the pricing scheme has been falling in popularity, doing the right for Vodacom Tanzania to reinstate the scheme place in the market. Value Chain A well designed and managed value concatenation will perfectly find the fight of the company in inquiry in this instance Vodacom Tanzania. Value concatenation aid directors affiliate their resource, cognition and accomplishments of the employees around the house. These activities help the company to cut down cost or better up distinction. Two facets that are related but unambiguously different are Configuration Vodacom as Multinational endeavor seem to be a enormous pick to turn up their value activities. This is because Multinational endeavor improves their fight by working the untapped market in this instance Tanzania. Vodacom Tanzania had made the right pick since our economic system was executing in the right way due to the accommodation positively of the undermentioned factors. Economic Political Legal, and Cultural Factors that influence constellation in the value concatenation in relation to Vodacom Tanzania operations Cost factors The different in salary, worker productiveness, rising prices rate and authorities ordinance is what creates disparity in production cost from one state to another. Success has been achieved by Vodacom Tanzania by taking advantage the cost factors and analysing Tanzania environment. Business environment Vodacom Tanzania has able to rule the market by holding good constellation on where to turn up their operations. Production cost entirely can non find the location of the concern determination. When Vodacom came to the state, at that clip, the concern environment was contributing comparison to now where companies are limited to with a batch of restrictions. Bunchs effects Value creative activity is much affected besides with this factor ; an industry can be affected when there are no bunchs in the industry. Hence the company that has dominated the market can monopolise the whole market. This is non the instance for Tanzania communicating industry where we have different companies. Logisticss Vodacom is making a batch of merchandise transportation and besides expert s 1s. This is doing logistics in Vodacom Tanzania of import besides. For value concatenation to be successful the control of logistics should be done in good organized mode. Vodacom Tanzania is making logistics with Vodacom South Africa by publishing Vouchers and transporting them into the state. Economic of graduated table The Reduction of unit cost which is a consequence of bring forthing high volume of merchandise or spread outing the service to other location is what is characterized as economic of graduated table. For Vodacom Tanzania to be able usage this factor uttermost, the demand to distribute to other location should be high so that they can cut down cost for their service as one unit. Buyers demands The constellation of service that Vodacom Tanzania has structurized is decidedly what is doing the company prosper. The purchaser demands are recognized in the first manus without dawdling buttocks. The Vodacom is able to cognize the demands of its client via deep research. Coordination Arguably, Vodacom Tanzania has a good coordination with Vodacom South Africa as the headquarter where most of the high degree cosmopolitan strategic determination are made. The Company resources that add value and increase company s competitory border come from South Africa. Locally directors coordinate things that relate to the host state. Like constellation, coordination has some factors own its ain that influence value concatenation. Core competencies Vodacom Tanzania nucleus competency is the scheme that has been put in topographic point. The different ion scheme has been working so good for the decennary of operation. This has led to Vodacom taking the selling for that long period with no mark of allowing the led faux pas. Furthermore, the fast acceptance of new engineering is what is assisting Vodacom Tanzania set uping its operation footing. Operation obstructions Multi national endeavors ever find difficult to set up themselves farther globally. This scenario should look to hold equal consequence on Vodacom Tanzania but no, Vodacom Evaluation and choice of where to run seem to hold been done good. This is because the company has managed to work in the state without faltering blocks. National civilization Globalization of a company s value concatenation, such as publicity and advertisement were able to be adjusted by Vodacom Tanzania so as to capture many clients without interfering with their civilization hence accomplishing the aims. Learning effects This refers to the cost economy when acquisition is carried out. This is an of import facet companies tend to convey best sensible patterns from their company so that failure is neer experienced. We have seen this from Vodacom Tanzania bring expert from their state, a good illustration is the pull offing manager Romeo Kumalo from South Africa besides other of import sections that need expert from the beginning company. Decision We have seen in the class of the assignment where the company originated and the of all time of import ownership. Vodacom Tanzania is being owned by Vodacom Group of company but besides local stockholders have their portion to play. We have the local stockholders in the company besides because the jurisprudence and ordinance province that for a foreign nomadic company to run in the state it should hold at least one local stockholder. We are besides seeing the market portion the company is basking from its origin, a sensible border is owned by Vodacom Tanzania. We have the industry analysis and its good and bad side towards Vodacom Tanzania internally and externally. Vodacom Tanzania schemes have been discussed and its benefits or value creative activity towards the company. The undertaking has explained events that can alter industry construction and in conclusion I have looked at factors that influence constellation value concatenation in relation to Vodacom Tanzania. Recommendation Even though there are many things that Vodacom Tanzania can hearten about still a batch of accommodation demand to be made. The success that Vodacom has achieved should non blind company to see the hereafter. The company by this clip should concentrate on local expert engagement. Since its origin Vodacom Tanzania has been holding the foreign pull offing manager who has been doing the strategic determination. This construct should be looked at for company to hold an equal portion of determination devising. Other countries that should be looked at are: Bringing publishing machines into the state to cut transit cost. Exploit the small towns market Establishing much on the local civilization that the company is runing Mention and Bibliography

Copper Cycle Lab Report Essay Example

Copper Cycle Lab Report Paper You do not need to fill in all space provided for the sake of doing so. 7. When asked to provide calculations, for full credit you must provide a labeled and systematic approach showing all steps and assumptions required to determine the required results. All calculations must be typed or written legibly. 8. You must submit the complete set of original copies (i. E. The white copies) of your Data/Observation sheets that were signed by your TA with your report. Any attempt to alter the original data or use a different set of data in the analyses maintained in this report is an act of academic dishonesty and will be penalized as such. Some marks will be allocated to the completeness of your data. 9. It is an act of plagiarism (will be penalized) to use any data or information obtained from the literature and/or Web sources without properly citing it. You should rewrite cited work in your own words, especially if the quotation spans more than a couple of sentences. 10. Staple together all pages relating to this report and submit it in the correct slot in the report cabinet before the submission deadline. Reports submitted into the wrong slot or late will be penalized. Official Report Form Page 1 of 5 Purpose Results Use your experimental data to determine the percent recovery of copper from Page 2 of 5 List the balanced net ionic equations for all reactions that you observed in this experiment. Use your observations to provide evidence for all successful reactions completed and products formed. Where applicable, list ions in their coordination complex form; for example, when Cue+ exists as the hexagon complex, use (aqua) in your equation. Note: The zinc action also forms a hexagon complex in aqueous solution. We will write a custom essay sample on Copper Cycle Lab Report specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Copper Cycle Lab Report specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Copper Cycle Lab Report specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Copper Cycle Lab Report Essay Example Copper Cycle Lab Report Paper In conclusion my percent recovery of copper was 100% due to the adequate amounts of solutions and achievement of proper chemical reactions. Equipment and Materials: Copper Metal (penny) Nitric Acid (HON..)(aqua) Sodium Hydroxide (Noah)(aqua) sulfuric ACid Ammonium Hydroxide (NH)(aqua) Hydrochloric Acid (HCI)(aqua) Zinc powder 2 100 ml Beakers 250 ml Waste Beaker 400 ml Beaker Filter paper Plastic Dropper 250 ml Erlenmeyer Flask Forceps Plastic Funnel Red Litmus paper Spatula Steel Wool Glass stirring rod Small test tube Tongs Wash bottle Watch Glass Procedure: l. Weigh a pre-1982 penny (should be around 3 grams) II. Measure ml of concentrated nitric acid, HON..(aqua), into a 100 ml beaker under a fume hood. Place penny into the beaker of nitric acid and observe the reaction. After 5 seconds remove penny with forceps and place into second beaker. Ill. Add approximately ml of denizen water into second beaker to remove any remaining copper ion traces and place rinse into first beaker with nitric acid. Record your observations of the copper (II) nitrate, Cue(NON)2. Dry and weigh the penny to see how much of the copper mass was removed. IV. Pour the solution from the first beaker into a clean 250 ml beaker while inside the fume hood. We will write a custom essay sample on Copper Cycle Lab Report specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Copper Cycle Lab Report specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Copper Cycle Lab Report specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Rinse the first beaker thoroughly and pour the rinse with the solution in the 250 ml beaker. V. Add 6 drops of Sodium Hydroxide, Noah(aqua), to the 250 ml beaker until a precipitate is formed. Test the solution with litmus paper by adding small amounts of sodium hydroxide to the solution until the solution is basic. Record your observations of copper (II) hydroxide, Cue(OH)2. VI. Place the 250 ml beaker on a hot plate and occasionally stir the mixture during heating. Heat mixture until the solution turns completely black. Additional heating will help indicate a chemical reaction has occurred. Record your observations of copper (II) oxide, CLIO. Turn off hot plate and carefully remove the beaker with the forceps. Allow the mixture to cool to room temperature. While waiting for the mixture to cool prepare a suction filtration set. VII. Once cooled, pour the mixture into the Boucher funnel to filter the precipitate. Rinse out the beaker and pour the rinse into the Boucher funnel. (Filtrate, solution that goes through the filter, should be clear) Empty the filtrate ND rinse the filter flask with denizen water (while the precipitate is still in the Boucher Funnel) Replace the funnel over the cleaned filter flask. VIII. Carefully add 6 drops of Sulfuric Acid, HOSES(aqua), and gently stir the Bunker Funnel until the precipitate is completed reacted away. Then wash the filter paper with a small amount of denizen water. Remove the Boucher Funnel and pour the filtrate into a clean 250 ml beaker. Record your observations of copper (II) sulfate, Cuscus. IX. Add a spatula tip quantity of zinc powder to the filtrate in the 250 ml beaker under the fume hood. Do not inhale the fumes) Add zinc powder until the solution turns clear. Reaction is complete, takes 8-10 minis) Record your observations of copper metal. X. Add a few drops of ammonium hydroxide, NH, to a small test tube. Place a drop of the solution from the previous step into the test tube using a plastic dropper. If you see a deep blue color add more zinc powder until there is no change in color of the solution in the test tube. XSL. Inside the fume hood, add a good amount of Hydrochloric Acid, HCI(aqua), to the solution in the 250 ml beaker to remove excess zinc. (accelerate reaction by eating if the reaction appears slow) XII. Take the 250 ml beaker to your lab bench. Set up a gravity filtration with a plastic funnel, folded wet filter paper, and an Erlenmeyer flask. Pour the content in the 250 ml beaker slowly through the filter paper. Wash the filter paper with denizen water. Dispose of the filtrate in the proper labeled waste container. XIII. Carefully remove the copper metal from the filter paper onto the watch glass. (with a spatula) Place a 400 ml beaker on a hot plate contained with water. Carefully place the watch glass before the water boils to dry the copper metal. Use the tongs to handle the hot watch glass) XIV. Record your observations of the dried, cooled copper metal and weigh the recovered copper. Data Collection and Observations: started with elemental copper metal and then reactions occur step by step as follows: I Experimental stage | 1. Copper metal (penny) at the start brownish, copper-colored, fine solid. Observations I Tarnished, worn out, 1 12. Recovered, wet copper metal after reaction with nitric I Light brown to greenish blue, liquid, worn out, disconsolation. I nitrate, I I acid, HON..(aqua) 1 13. Rope of Sodium Hydroxide, Noah, into copper-containing I Greenish- blue crystals forming, misty, cloudy, liquid. I I solution (Cue(NON)2) I hydroxide, 1 14. Dehydration of by heating and stirring the solution I Dark black, thin, tint of gray, liquid, black spots/dots, milky. I I until chemical reaction has occurred. I I(copper (II) oxide, Quo) 1 15. 6 drops of Sulfuric Acid, HOSES, onto the Quo precipitate. I Cell-shape in the middle , liquid-form, fizzy, bubbly, expanding, turns I I (copper(al) sulfate, Cuscus) 1 16. Small amount of zinc powder added to Cuscus I clear. I Light brown, hint, fine solid, copper- colored metal) I I (recovered, wet copper 17. Copper metal filtered and dry over a boiling water bath I Fine solid, bright, shiny, light brown, disconsolation I(dried, cooled copper metal) Chemical Reactions: cue(s) + EH+(aqua) + NEON- Cue+(aqua) + NEON(g) + 21-420 (l) Cue+(aqua) + EH-(aqua) + HEAT CLIO(s) + H2O(l) cue(s) + EH+(aqua) Cue+(aqua) + H2O(l) Cue+(aqua) + Zen(s) -> Cue(s) + Zen+(aqua) Zen(S) + EH+ Zen+(aqua) + HOC) Mass of Copper before and after the Copper Cycle I Mass of penny before any reaction grams with HON..(aqua) 12. 49 grams previous masses) | . 4 grams the completion of the copper cycle 100% Results and Discussions: | 2. 53 I Mass of penny after reaction I I Mass of copper used I (difference between the two I I Mass of copper recovered at I I Percentage of copper recovered After placing the penny into the small beaker of nitric acid, the copper in the penny reacted the acid, became copper (II) nitrate (Cue(NON)2). Then, af ter exposing of what is left of the penny and pouring the nitrate acid into a beaker, added sodium hydroxide to the solution, forming greenish-blue crystals which were copper (II) hydroxide (Couch). After a few minutes of adding heat to the proper (II) hydroxide mixture, the copper turned black which indicated that a chemical reaction has occurred called copper (II) oxide (Quo). Then, I filtered the Quo precipitate, rinsed out the beaker, and poured it into a Boucher funnel. I added sulfuric acid onto the Quo precipitate, forming cell-like structures and fizzing motions which were copper (II) sulfate (CUSCUS). After, I detached the Boucher funnel and poured the filtrate into a clean beaker and then added small amounts of zinc powder, which formed into a fine, light brown solid (recovered, wet copper metal). In order to test the completion of the recovery of the copper, placed a few drops of ammonium hydroxide (NH) into a small test tube, added a drop of the recovered, wet copper metal from the previous step, and added more zinc powder until the test tube had no change in color or the test was negative. I then removed the excess zinc by adding adequate amounts of hydrochloric acid (HCI). Next, I used a gravity filtration to filter the recovered copper and dried it with a boiling water bath. Lastly, I observed the dry copper metal, which was bright, shiny, discovered, and a fine solid, and weighed it.

Free Essays on National Mandatory Death Penalty

Mandatory National Death Penalty  · You should receive the mandatory death penalty for the committing the following crimes: Murder, brutal rape, treason, high treason, and terrorism. Court process  · You will be tried in the city and State that the crime was committed in, if there is no local, federal or state courts with in the city that the crime was committed in; then you will be moved to the nearest city that has the court. Appeal process  · You have two years to make your appeals. If in the two years you are found not guilty then your sentenced will be relinquished, if you are still found guilty then your death sentence will be moved up for your execution as soon as possible or at the end of the two years your appeals have not gone through then you are still executed.  · You may go through a higher court system if the time permits. Prior to execution  · Two days prior to your execution your lawyer (if you do not have one, one will be appointed to you) and yourself will create a will or last testimony.  · One day prior to your execution family and friends are no longer allowed make visitations, however you are allowed to make contact through the telephone.  · On your execution date you are allowed visitations from your family and friends as well as the preacher. After the execution  · The body will be taken out of the execution room and the family may then pay their last respects.  · All left over funds will then be given to the person stated in the will written the previous day. I come before you today to pose the question of a Mandatory National Death Penalty. What this means is in every state if you commit any of the following crimes you will automatically receive the death sentence. These crimes include murder, terrorism, high treason, treason or brutal rape. Now some of you may feel that the states are giving up their rights. Maybe they are, however if you look at it from th... Free Essays on National Mandatory Death Penalty Free Essays on National Mandatory Death Penalty Mandatory National Death Penalty  · You should receive the mandatory death penalty for the committing the following crimes: Murder, brutal rape, treason, high treason, and terrorism. Court process  · You will be tried in the city and State that the crime was committed in, if there is no local, federal or state courts with in the city that the crime was committed in; then you will be moved to the nearest city that has the court. Appeal process  · You have two years to make your appeals. If in the two years you are found not guilty then your sentenced will be relinquished, if you are still found guilty then your death sentence will be moved up for your execution as soon as possible or at the end of the two years your appeals have not gone through then you are still executed.  · You may go through a higher court system if the time permits. Prior to execution  · Two days prior to your execution your lawyer (if you do not have one, one will be appointed to you) and yourself will create a will or last testimony.  · One day prior to your execution family and friends are no longer allowed make visitations, however you are allowed to make contact through the telephone.  · On your execution date you are allowed visitations from your family and friends as well as the preacher. After the execution  · The body will be taken out of the execution room and the family may then pay their last respects.  · All left over funds will then be given to the person stated in the will written the previous day. I come before you today to pose the question of a Mandatory National Death Penalty. What this means is in every state if you commit any of the following crimes you will automatically receive the death sentence. These crimes include murder, terrorism, high treason, treason or brutal rape. Now some of you may feel that the states are giving up their rights. Maybe they are, however if you look at it from th...

Idea of Freedom and to be American in Bradford's, Franklin's, and Essay

Idea of Freedom and to be American in Bradford's, Franklin's, and Crevecoeur's Writings - Essay Example Bradford had narrated the happenings upon the immigration of the Puritans into the Plymouth Plantation through this writing. Bradford, along with the Pilgrims, left England to experience religious freedom in America. It was the freedom of religion that brought the Pilgrims to Plymouth Plantation, and William Bradford was one of the Pilgrims, who boarded the Mayflower to experience that freedom. He left his country and led a European Settlement in America, for it was the only place, back then, where his religious freedom will not be deprived. Despite the imminent risks, Bradford, together with other Pilgrims, fled to America with no assurance of safety, only to experience religious freedom, a freedom that they ought to gain under the rules of the Mayflower Compact. As stated in his manuscript, â€Å"one small candle may light a thousand, so the light here kindled shall shine unto many† (Bradford). In the â€Å"The Autobiography† of Benjamin Franklin, a different type of freedom was emphasized, which supports the individual freedom of business and the economy in America. Franklin was dubbed as the first authentic American for he was firm in his stand to uphold colonial unity. His establishment of the Junto intended to demonstrate how the improvement of the American society can be achieved through business and economic freedom. In the above passage, he refers to the benefits of education that libraries have provided the citizens of the country. He has further added that libraries have somehow contributed to the response of the citizens in various colonies, especially in defending their privileges (Franklin). Tradesmen and farmers need access to these libraries for them to make appropriate decisions for their business. By that time, they make their own business successful and eventually contribute to the growth of the economy. This gives the liberty to help America progress and become an authentic American. Hector St. John

Kellogg's Nutri-Grain Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Kellogg's Nutri-Grain - Coursework Example To maintain the cash flow target, the company should maintain their minimum monthly closing balance. To maintain the brand position in the market, the company can increase their profitability by minimum 3% or the company may increase their shareholders returns by 15%. Moreover, increased use of social media and online platform can be extremely beneficial for the company to increase preference of the distinct offerings of Nutri-Grain. Table of Contents Executive Summary 2 2 Marketing Environment 6 PESTEL Analysis 9 Market Analysis and Current Market Situation of Kellogg’s 11 SWOT Analysis of Kellogg’s Nutri-Grain 11 Marketing Objectives 13 Marketing Strategy 15 The Actual Marketing Programs 18 Market Control Mechanism 18 References 19 Research and Planning Will Keith Kellogg and Dr. John Harvey Kellogg were the co-inventor of Kellogg Company. Over a period of more than 100 years of successful existence amid the global consumer market has been accomplished by Kellogg Comp any with its continuous focus on rendering an assortment of products that fulfil different health oriented needs of consumers. The company offers a variety of convenience foods such as cereals, cereal bars, cookies, crackers, fruit-flavoured snacks, toaster pastries, frozen waffles along with vegetarian foods. The organisation was established in the year 1906. The current market situation of Kellogg’s has witnessed a considerable extent of upsurge in terms of the company’s market share and profitability as compared to other convenience food companies. Within the current market environment, the leading brands of Kellogg’s include Cornflakes, Special K, Rice Krispies and Nuri-Grain. The main purpose of Kellogg’s Company is â€Å"to nourishing the families so that they can flourish and drive† (The Times, 100, 2013). The prime market customers of these leading brands under Kellogg’s include health conscious people, regular office-goers, young an d growing male as well as female section of the society. Among these leading offerings, Nutri-Grain is a one type of breakfast cereal along with breakfast bar offering of Kellogg Company. The breakfast cereal product of Nutri-Grain is made up of wheat, corn along with oats. The consumers in the regions such as Australia, the United States, the United Kingdom, South Africa and Canada among others are quite fond of the Nutri-Grain offerings. There is a variety of offerings beneath Kellogg’s Nutri-Grain product such as Kellogg’s Nutri Grain Fruit Crunch, Kellogg’s Cereal Bars, Kellogg’s Nutri Grain Cereal Bars, Kellogg’s Fruit-Fusion with Antioxidants, Kellogg’s Nutri-Grain Soft Bakes among others. Now-a-days, with an increased level of health consciousness amid most of the families on a global basis, they have increasingly becoming fond of starting their day started with Kellogg’s products. In this regard, Nutri- Grain has several nutri tional components that carry healthy benefits to a human body (Kellogg NA Co, 2013). With these considerations, the main objective of the study is to prepare a marketing plan for Kellogg’s Nutri-Grain based on the findings associated with the current market scenario of Kellogg’s. This study also describes a succinct SWOT analysis of Kellogg’s Nutri-Grain product. With respect to the SWOT analysis, a precise set of marketing objectives is enumerated to ascertain that Kellogg’s Nutri-Grain attains greater profitability in the future. Marketing

Critically analyse how the government debt problems initially faced by Essay

Critically analyse how the government debt problems initially faced by a few relatively small economies could trigger such a wid - Essay Example The issues referring to the economies affected by the crisis shall also be discussed in this paper in order to establish the impact of sovereign debt to the euro financial crisis. This paper is being carried out in order to establish an academic and analytical discussion of the European crisis, linking its causes with its eventual impact on a larger economic region. Body The European crisis significantly impacted on the European financial market. Various elements colluded in order to cause the European crisis, with the crisis more or less unfolding in smaller economies, including Greece, Portugal, and Ireland. The money market was significantly affected by the deterioration in market conditions which started in 2007 (European Central Bank, 2012). The interbank markets are usually subjected to counterparty risk. The collapse of Lehman Brothers in 2008 led to lower confidence in the market, which then caused issues in financial integration (European Central Bank, 2012). Such event trig gered the increase in cross-country dispersion in overnight rates, as well as lower interbank market activity. Although measures to address market tension were implemented by the European Central Bank, the tension re-emerged in 2010 due to pressures in euro government bond markets (European Central Bank, 2012). More remedies were implemented by the ECB which helped improve the money market in the euro area. However, in 2011, more pressures on the euro sovereign bonds caused issues in market integration. Such deterioration also became apparent in the secured financial market. In 2011, the ECB once again introduced remedies to ensure liquidity support for financial institutions (European Central Bank, 2012). Price-based remedies implied deterioration in the integration of the money market, specifically for short maturities. Integration gains which were expected after the bailouts were reversed by the crisis. With longer maturities, the measures of integration seemed to be stable; howe ver in 2011, these measures actually indicated deterioration (Dadush, et.al., 2010). The sovereign bond markets went through significant tension in 2011. During the onset of the financial crisis in 2010, only three smaller countries were severely affected; however, in 2011, the larger countries were soon affected, especially in terms of their bond yields (European Central Bank, 2012). Moreover, market declines in sovereign yields could not be reached with the implementation of fiscal adjustments, as in the case of Ireland. Improvements in the sovereign bond market were evaluated based on simultaneous movements in yields. Europe for the past 2-3 years has been faced with a very serious crisis (European Commission, 2010). The bond market has already been closing to the euro-area countries, and for those who are still open, they are charging high rates of interest for any loans or investments. The increase in bond yields is based on the fact that where investors view more significant r isks associated with their investments in a country’s bonds, they would also likely need higher returns in compensation for such risks (European Commission, 2009). An unfavourable cycle often ensues from this situation as the demand for higher yields would lead to higher costs in borrowing for the country. This causes financial issues

Is Sugar Addiction a Substance Use Disorder?

Is Sugar Addiction a Substance Use Disorder? An Examination of Sugar Addiction as a Substance Use Disorder Abstract In the last decade, many studies have supported the addictive nature of sugar. In this examination of sugar addiction, we explore the parallels with substance abuse disorder and highlight the effects on the brain and body as well as the psychological and biological risk factors that may make an individual vulnerable to sugar addiction. We theorize that defining sugar addiction as a substance abuse disorder in a future version of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM) will change policy to improve public health, and minimize the costs of metabolic disorders like diabetes, obesity, and heart disease on the economy. Keywords: sugar addiction, substance use disorder, dopamine, impulsivity, obesity Worldwide obesity rates are rapidly rising. In 2016, an estimated 30% of Americans over the age of 18, and almost 20% of young adults were overweight or obese, as defined by a body mass index (BMI) greater than 30 (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 2016); and they are projected to increase to 80% by 2023 (Wang, Beydoun, Liang, Caballero, & Kumanyika, 2008). Between 29% and 47% of obese individuals meet the criteria for binge eating disorders (BED) (McCuen-Wurst, Ruggieri, & Allison, 2017). However, we suggest in this review of the literature that the food addiction model is a more appropriate mechanism when looking at correlates and causes of the development of eating disorders and metabolic disorders, including insulin resistance, diabetes, and obesity. The DSM-5 criteria for BED is limited in that it focuses largely on behavior, distress and shame caused by the eating disorder, and lacks acknowledgment of the neurobiological vulnerabilities and effects (American Psychiatric Association, 2013a). Alternatively, the food addiction model proposes that food, especially highly palatable, processed foods that are high in sugar, fat and/or salt are addictive (Davis & Carter, 2014), and therefore may be the underlying cause of BED and metabolic disorders, including obesity. For this examination, we mainly focus on the addictive nature of sugar, as the majority of food addiction studies have shown that sugar intake is more addictive than fat or salt, and highlight the numerous biological and psychological parallels to substance (Avena, Bocarsly, Rada, Kim, & Hoebel, 2008; Avena, Rada, & Hoebel, 2008; Davis, Loxton, Levitan, Kaplan, Carter, & Kennedy, 2013; Hoebel, Avena, Bocarsly, & Rada, 2009; Hone-Blanchet & Fecteau, 2014; Ifland, Preuss, Marcus, Rourke, Taylor, Burau, Jacobs, Kadish, & Manso, 2009; Page & Melrose, 2016; Tran & Westbrook, 2017; Wong, Dogra, & Reichelt, 2017). It is well known that addictive drugs activate the dopaminergic reward pathway. The mesocorticolimbic pathway, which includes the ventral tegmental area (VTA), nucleus accumbens (NAc) and the frontal cortex, is especially implicated in the reinforcement of the use of these substances. These areas release high levels of dopamine, which produce a euphoric state, and help form â€Å"liking† motivations and positive associations toward the addictive substances. However, as the drug is repeatedly consumed, tolerance builds in the body, and â€Å"liking† becomes â€Å"wanting,† resulting in reduced pleasure, and physiological dependence that necessitates increased consumption (Reeve, 2015). Food addiction studies have shown that while a variety of foods lead to the release of dopamine, sugar activates the dopaminergic pathway in a way that mirrors addictive substances, and leads to bingeing, tolerance, cravings, dependence, and subsequent withdrawal symptoms when deprived (American Psychiatric Association, 2013b; Avena et al., 2008; Davis & Carter, 2014; Davis et al., 2013). As sugar is over-consumed, tolerance grows and bingeing with increased amounts of sugar are needed to obtain the same pleasurable effect. This is suggested to be due to the down-regulation of dopamine receptors (Avena et al., 2008; Davis, Patte, Levitan, Reid, Tweed, & Curtis, 2007; Hoebel et al., 2009; Ifland et al., 2009, Loxton & Tipman, 2017). Thereafter, â€Å"wanting† or cravings are suggested to be due to the imbalance of hormone signals that results in high anticipation and high sensitivity to sugar when it is consumed. In a study conducted by Lindqvist, Baelemans, and Erlanson-Albertsson (2008), rats that were given a sugar solution showed a 40% increase in ghrelin, the hormone that triggers appetite; in contrast to a significant decrease in leptin and peptide YY, two hunger-suppressing hormones; and a significant down-regulation in mRNA expression of additional hunger-suppressing peptides. This imbalance of appetite hormones and gene expression were hypothesized to have resulted in bingeing and tolerance, as demonstrated by a doubling of the drink consumption compared to control-group rats given water. Lastly, animal studies on sugar addiction have shown that sugar withdrawal mimics opioid withdrawal, and presents with depression and anxiety when deprivation of sugar occurs (Avena et al., 2008; Avena, Rada, & Hoebel, 2008; Hoebel et al., 2009; Hone-Blanchet & Fecteau, 2014; Ifland et al., 2009). The numerous studies in sugar addiction that overlap with the different stages of substance use disorders provide strong biological support for sugar addiction to be classified as a substance use disorder. Further adding to the biological susceptibility of sugar addiction, Davis et al. (2013) found enhanced dopamine transmission was due to six genetic mutations linked to the dopamine reward pathway; and that association between increased dopamine signaling and multilocus genetic profile scores was significantly higher in participants with high reward sensitivity and high risk for food addiction. These neurological changes and genetic vulnerabilities support tolerance and dependence that may result from a frequent flooding of dopamine and a reduction of receptors as seen in substance use disorders. Likewise, psychological traits like impulsivity and poor emotional regulation, have been found in both substance use disorders and sugar addiction. Impulsivity, as it relates to immediate gratification and deficits in behavioral inhibition, was positively correlated with sugar addiction. However, sensation-seeking, as an impulsive personality trait, was negatively associated with sugar addiction, and theorized to be due to the lack of arousal and stimulation from eating food; â€Å"those who are risk seeking and reward-driven might seek out experiences involving greater levels of arousal and stimulation (Pivarunas & Connor, 2015; VanderBroek-Stice, Stojek, Beach, vanDellen, & MacKillop, 2017). Poor emotional regulation and low distress tolerance were also positively associated with sugar addiction, and the consumption of sugar was hypothesized to activate the pleasure center countering the negative emotional state and further reinforcing the reward of sugar intake behavior (Kozak & Fought, 2011; Pivarunas & Connor, 2015). Equally important in the comparison between sugar addiction and substance use disorders are the detrimental effects on the brain and body’s functions, such as cognitive impairment and metabolic disorders. Reversible cognitive impairments in decision-making, motivation, spatial or place-recognition memory were recently identified in studies with rats (Tran & Westbrook, 2017; Wong, Dogra, & Reichelt, 2017). However, in a study conducted by Page and Melrose (2016), high levels of circulating sugar and insulin levels dulled food cues, reducing hypothalamic activity, and negatively affecting neural food processing, which over time increased the risk for insulin resistance, type 2 diabetes, and obesity. A separate study found that the overconsumption of sugar increased levels of free fatty acids, triglycerides and cholesterol in the blood (Lindqvist, Baelemans, & Erlanson-Albertsson, 2008), which are confirmed risk factors for developing in heart disease and strokes in humans (National Institute of Health, 2005; American Heart Association, 2017). The relationship between sugar addiction’s detrimental effects and long-term illness are apparent in the literature, and is analogous to the relationship between substance use and disease. Current treatment options for food or sugar addiction are limited to exercise, which addresses biological pathways; and mindfulness, which emphasizes psychological processes. Exercise serves as a protective treatment against metabolic disorders and food addiction via increases in brain-derived neurotropic factor (BDNF), a neurotransmitter that plays a major role in neuroplasticity, and in the regulation of food intake, physical activity, and glucose metabolism (Codella, Terruzzi, & Luzi, 2017). Whereas, mindfulness addresses the dual process model of health behavior, which states that there are interactive automatic (implicit) and controlled (explicit) psychological processes that result in addictive behavior. Implicit, automatic processes include intentions, approach and avoidance tendencies, and emotions, meanwhile explicit, controlled processes include reflective action (Hagger, Trost, Keech, Chan, & Hamilton, 2017; Tang, Posner, Rothbart, & Volkow, 2015). In 2017, Kakoschke, Kemps, & Tiggemann showed that a two-pronged approach-modification protocol successfully retrained participants to avoid unhealthy food by 1) reducing the approach bias toward unhealthy food, and 2) increasing the approach bias toward healthy food. Another study showed a high approach tendency for healthy food buffered against the stress of hunger and wanting for unhealthy food (Cheval, Audrin, Sarrazin, & Pelletier, 2017). Mindfulness was also found to regulate emotional reactivity to internal and external cues (Fisher, Mead, Lattimore, Malinowski, 2017). Unfortunately, available treatment options have low generalizable, replicable success as they fail to provide a streamlined approach to sugar addiction and/or address neurobiological vulnerabilities and negative effects. Neither sugar nor food addiction is currently defined in the DSM-5. The only consistent measure of food addiction is the Yale Food Addiction Scale (YFAS), a survey developed in 2009, and it is used in studies reliably as its questions are based on DSM-IV addiction criteria (Gearhardt, Corbin, Brownell, 2009; Gearhardt, Corbin, Brownell, 2016). As mentioned earlier, food addiction and BED are not reciprocal disorders, therefore acknowledging sugar addiction as a substance use disorder in a future DSM may increase evidence-based research that strongly implicates genetic and brain pathways, which may lead to early prevention, reduced stigmatization and diverse treatment options that address the psychological as well as neurobiological vulnerabilities through medication, and even gene therapy. Further research and government regulation can also limit the pseudo-science funded by sugar and packaged goods companies. For example, in reviewing the literature, two studies were found that denied sugar and its addictive properties (Benton, 2010; Markus, Rogers, Brouns, & Schepers, 2017); they were funded by Coca-Cola and the World Sugar Research Organization. Similar to the studies conducted by the tobacco industry, the information countering sugar addiction can be confusing and deceptive to consumers. Government regulation of the sugar industry, like the tobacco industry can result in a decrease of sugar addiction and its harmful health effects. Lastly, there is also a large benefit to public health and the economic costs in treating sugar addiction like a substance use disorder. The costs to treat diabetes, a disease directly related to increased blood sugar levels and insulin resistance was $245 billion in 2012 (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 2017). These costs do not include comorbid diseases like obesity, hypertension, and hyperlipidemia. Obesity alone is projected to cost upwards of $957 billion by 2030 (Wang et al., 2008). Therefore, prevention of these life-long metabolic disorders by addressing the addictive properties of sugar can potentially reduce the burden on global health and economic systems in a great way. References American Heart Association. (2017). Prevention and Treatment of High Cholesterol (Hyperlipidemia). Retrieved from http://www.heart.org/HEARTORG/Conditions/Cholesterol/PreventionTreatmentofHighCholesterol/Prevention-and-Treatment-of-High-Cholesterol-Hyperlipidemia_UCM_001215_Article.jsp#.WhoJdNy1uUl American Psychiatric Association. (2013a). Feeding and Eating Disorders. In Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders: DSM-5 (5th ed.). Arlington, VA: American Psychiatric Association. Retrieved from https://doi.org/10.1176/appi.books.9780890425596.dsm10 American Psychiatric Association. (2013b). Substance-Related and Addictive Disorders. In Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders: DSM-5 (5th ed.). Arlington, VA: American Psychiatric Association. Retrieved from https://doi.org/10.1176/appi.books.9780890425596.dsm16 Avena, N. M., Bocarsly, M. E., Rada, P., Kim, A., & Hoebel, B. G. (2008). After daily bingeing on a sucrose solution, food deprivation induces anxiety and accumbens dopamine/acetylcholine imbalance. Physiology & Behavior, 94, 309-315. doi:10.1016/j.physbeh.2008.01.008 Avena, N. M., Rada, P., & Hoebel, B. G. (2008). Evidence for sugar addiction: Behavioral and neurochemical effects of intermittent, excessive sugar intake. Neuroscience and Biobehavioral Reviews, 32, 20-39. doi:10.1016/j.neubiorev.2007.04.019 Benton, D. (2010). The plausibility of sugar addiction and its role in obesity and eating disorders. Clinical Nutrition, 29, 288-303. doi:10.1016/j.clnu.2009.12.001 Cheval, B., Audrin, C., Sarrazin, P., & Pelletier, L. (2017). When hunger does (or doesn’t) increase unhealthy and healthy food consumption through food wanting: The distinctive role of impulsive approach tendencies toward healthy food. Appetite, 116, 99-107. doi:10.1016/j.appet.2017.04.028 Codella, R., Terruzzi, I., & Luzi, L. (2017). Sugars, exercise and health. Journal of Affective Disorders, 224, 76-86. doi:10.1016/j.jad.2016.10.035 Davis, C., & Carter, J. C. (2014). If certain foods are addictive, how might this change the treatment of compulsive overeating and obesity? Current Addiction Reports, 1, 89-95. doi:10.1007/s40429-014-0013-z Davis, C., Loxton, N. J., Levitan, R. D., Kaplan, A. S., Carter, J. C., & Kennedy, J. L. (2013). ‘Food addiction’ and its association with a dopaminergic multilocus genetic profile. Physiology & Behavior, 118, 63-69. doi:10.1016/j.physbeh.2013.05.014 Fisher, N. R., Mead, B. R., Lattimore, P., & Malinowski, P. (2017). Dispositional mindfulness and reward motivated eating: The role of emotion regulation and mental habit. Appetite, 118, 41-48. doi:10.1016/j.appet.2017.07.019 Gearhardt, A. N., Corbin, W. R., & Brownell, K. D. (2009). Preliminary validation of the Yale Food Addiction Scale. Appetite, 52, 430-436. doi:10.1016/j.appet.2008.12.003 Gearhardt, A. N., Corbin, W. R., & Brownell, K. D. (2016). Development of the Yale Food Addiction Scale Version 2.0. Psychology of Addictive Behaviors, 30, 113-121. doi:10.1037/adb0000136 Hagger, M. S., Trost, N., Keech, J. J., Chan, D. K. C., & Hamilton, K. (2017). Predicting sugar consumption: Application of an integrated dual-process, dual-phase model. Appetite, 116, 147-156. doi:10.1016/j.appet.2017.04.032 Hoebel, B. G., Avena, N. M., Bocarsly, M. E., & Rada, P. (2009). A behavioral and circuit model based on sugar addiction in rats. Journal of Addiction Medicine, (3)1, 33-41. doi:10.1097/ADM.0b013e31819aa621 Hone-Blanchet, A., & Fecteau, S. (2014). Overlap of food addiction and substance use disorders definitions: Analysis of animal and human studies. Neuropharmacology, 85, 81-90. doi:10.1016/j.neuropharm.2014.05.019 Ifland, J. R., Preuss, H. G., Marcus, M. T., Rourke, K. M., Taylor, W. C., Burau, K., Jacobs, W. S., Kadish, W., & Manso, G. (2008). Refined food addiction: A classic substance use disorder. Medical Hypotheses, 72, 518-526. doi:10.1016/j.mehy.2008.11.035 Kakoschke, N., Kemps, N., & Tiggemann, M. (2017). Impulsivity moderates the effect of approach bias modification on healthy food consumption. Appetite, 117, 117-125. doi:10.1016/j.appet.2017.06.019 Kozak, A. T., & Fought, A. (2011). Beyond alcohol and drug addiction. Does the negative trait of low distress tolerance have an association with overeating? Appetite, 57, 578-581. doi:10.1016/j.appet.2011.07.008 Lindqvist, A., Baelemans, A., & Erlanson-Albertsson, C. (2008). Effects of sucrose, glucose and fructose on peripheral and central appetite signals. Regulatory Peptides, 150, 26-32. doi:10.1016/j.regpep.2008.06.008 Markus, C. R., Rogers, P. J., Brouns, F., & Schepers, R. (2017). Eating dependence and weight gain; no human evidence for a ‘sugar-addiction’ model of overweight. Appetite, 114, 64-72. doi:10.1016/j.appet.2017.03.024 McCuen-Wurst, C., Ruggieri, M., & Allison, K. C. (2017). Disordered eating and obesity: Associations between binge-eating disorder, night-eating syndrome, and weight-related comorbities. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences, 1-10. doi:10.1111/nyas.13467 Page, K. A., & Melrose, A. J. (2016). Brain, hormone and appetite responses to glucose versus fructose. Current Opinion in Behavioral Sciences, 9, 111-117. doi:10.1016/j.cobeha.2016.03.002 Pivarunas, B., & Conner, B. T. (2015). Impulsivity and emotion dysregulation as predictors of food addiction. Eating Behaviors, 19, 9-14. doi:10.1016.j.eatbeh.2015.06.007 Reeve, J. M. (2015). The Motivated and Emotional Brain. In Understanding Motivation and Emotion (6th ed.). Hoboken, NJ: Wiley. Tang, Y., Posner, M. I., Rothbart, M. K., & Volkow, N. D. (2015). Circuitry of self-control and its role in reduction addiction. Trends in Cognitive Sciences, 19(8), 439-444. doi:10.1016/j.tics.2015.06.007 Tran, D. M. D., & Westbrook, R. F. (2017). A high-fat high-sugar diet-induced impairment in place-recognition memory is reversible and training dependent. Appetite, 110, 61-71. doi:10.1016/j.appet.2016.12.010 U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (2017). National Diabetes Statistics Report, 2017: Estimates of Diabetes and its Burden in the United States. Retrieved from https://www.cdc.gov/diabetes/pdfs/data/statistics/national-diabetes-statistics-report.pdf U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (2016). Nutrition, Physical Activity, and Obesity Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System: Percent of adults aged 18 and older who have obesity. Retrieved from https://chronicdata.cdc.gov/Nutrition-Physical-Activity-and-Obesity/Percent-of-adults-aged-18-and-older-who-have-obesi/cwdv-83mi U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, National Institutes of Health, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute. (2005). High blood cholesterol: What you need to know. (NIH Publication No. 05-3290). Retrieved from https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health/resources/heart/heart-cholesterol-hbc-what-html VanderBroek-Stice, L., Stojek, M. K., Beach, S. R. H., vanDellen, M. R., & MacKillop, J. (2017). Multidimensional assessment of impulsivity in relation to obesity and food addiction. Appetite, 112, 59-68. doi:10.1016/j.appet.2017.01.009 Wang, Y., Beydoun, M. A., Liang, L., Caballero, B., & Kumanyika, S. K. (2008). Will all Americans become overweight or obese? Estimating the progression and cost of the U.S. obesity epidemic. Obesity, 15(10), 2323-2330. doi:10.1038/oby.2008.351 Wong, A., Dogra, V. R., & Reichelt, A. C. (2017). High-sucrose diets in male rats disrupt aspects of decision-making tasks, motivation and spatial memory, but not impulsivity measured by operant delay-discounting. Behavioural Brain Research, 327, 144-154. doi:10.1016/j.bbr.2017.03.029

Drugs and Alcohol in the Adolescent Years Essay -- Influence Teenagers

Drugs and Alcohol in the Adolescent Years The years of adolescence are a very important time for both young girls and boys to make decisions that will essentially have the power to shape their lives. In life there are conflicts to be overcome from both the â€Å"evil† social world and also a young girl’s vulnerability can cause problems. Both have a huge impact on decisions she will make. Drugs and alcohol are both issues that almost any young person in today’s society is going to come into contact with. Then there is the issues of making decisions about how these substances will affect their life. It is interesting to study and compare the drug use among different ethnic groups as well as how the culture that one is brought up in has a big part in how they will respond to the same issues. This leads right into my paper topic which is girls growing up on the border. This is a completely different lifestyle as well as upbringing for these girls that are living so close to the Mexico. Drugs and alcohol are everywhere and are most likely intertwined into each of our lives in some way. For this reason it is apparent how likely it is that adolescents are exposed to these substances very often if not daily. Recent surveys that have been done, in particular the Ontario Health Survey, 1990, shows that initiation to drugs begins as early as 12 years old in an adolescents life. Twelve years old is considered the risk period for alcohol and tobacco and this phase does not end until about age 22. A sample of 4,364 people from this same study was on people from the ages of 15 to 35. Results showed that the major risk age for initiating with either alcohol, marijuana, or tobacco is over by age 22. Once again it is sh... ... are white or Mexican and live on the border or not. Works Cited: Leverton, Kate. Personal Interview. 25 March 1999. Phipher, Mary. Reviving Ophelia: Saving the Selves of Adolescent Girls. New York, NY. G.P. Putnam Sons, 1994. DeWitt, David J; Offord David R. "Patterns of Onset and Cessation of Drug Use Over the Early Part of the Life Course." Young Adults-Drug Use- Ontario-Drug Abuse-Ontario -Drinking Alcohol icges-Ontario. Vol.24, pg. 746, 13p. Holck Susan E., M.D., Warren Charles W. Ph.D, Smith Jack M.S., Rochat Roger M.D., "Alcohol Consumption Among Mexican American and Anglo Women; Results of a Survey Along the U.S.- Mexican Border." Vol. 45: Pg. 149-154, 1984. Dassori Abana M., Neff James A., Hoppe K, Sue. "Ethnic and Gender Differences in the Diagnostic Profiles of Substance Abusers." Vol 15, Aug. 1993, pgs. 382-390.

Project life cycle Essay

Projects are the way through which work gets done. Whether big, small, simple or complex, projects possess various common characteristics. Firstly, they have a start and an end. They do not run to infinity. Secondly, they are all unique. They may resemble other earlier projects but they are unique in various variables. These variables include their environment, period and resources. Thirdly, they lead to the creating deliverables. Finally, they all have resources assigned to them. The resources may either be part-time, full-time or a combination of the two. Projects are undertaken by all organisations. Their management can be done using a common range of project management procedures. Similar project management procedures can be used irrespective of the project being undertaken. Projects must have a definition and a plan. They should also have procedures for management of risks, quality, status and scope. Despite projects being unique, common lifecycle models are applied in building the deliverables. But most importantly, scalable and common project management processes are applied effectively on all projects. Regardless of whether one is managing a small or large project, various leadership styles are used. It is very important to understand these styles and their effect in order to become a better and more flexible leader. The most common styles are autocratic, bureaucratic, democratic Laissez-faire and people oriented types of leadership. Others include servant, task-oriented, transactional and transformational. In a project environment, one requires flexibility in these leadership styles since the various phases have got their specific demands that may be different from the other phases. General leadership styles and skills Project managers must show two leadership styles: transformational and transactional. He should give guidance to the team by identifying their role and responsibility in the project. He should give inspiration to them in order to finish the project’s tasks. It has been established that people with outstanding leadership skills turn out to be good in management of projects too. This is because they are visionary, motivating and can bring people together. Above all, they have great accomplishments (Bryman, 1986). Project managers must be competent in the project’s technology and generally how to manage a business entity. This will lead to mutual respect and confidence between him and the other members of the team and administration. Management skills as well as business management competence are essential. The project manager must use sound management skills consistent with the organisation’s management style. The project manager must be alert, quick, a good listener, versatile and above all very flexible. He should be able to adjust any current plan to a better one. Being flexible means having a tough willingness in changing plans to acknowledge current realities for the sake of the project’s successful completion. The project manager must be of good ethics and full of energy. He should adjust to working for over forty hours per week. He should also be always available to the various people involved and interact with them. A good project manager must always be interested in details and possess great optimism with a strong belief that it can be done. He should not assume anything he is not sure of. He should always speak his mind and mean it. In addition, he should regard others as allies and not foes. Respect for other people and acknowledgement of good performance is important. He must always see the bigger picture and keep that perspective. Moreover, he should be interested in knowing why things have to be one in a certain way and not the other. Above all, a good project manager must be both a manager and a leader for a project to be completed successfully (Glanz, 2002). A good project manager must also be a good problem solver. He should be able to handle a situation where he is presented with tough choices to make. Problem solving will involve recognition of the problem and acknowledging that endeavouring to solve the problem is worthwhile. This has to be done with a positive attitude. The next step is defining the problem and clearly understanding it. The third step involves generating alternative solutions for the problem. Finally, one must narrow down the alternatives after a thorough examination of each of them, and then decide (Heerkens, 2001). The project manager must foster teamwork among the members. The most important resource in a project is the team. It is about the people one works with. This team can comprise members from various different departments of the organisation or just one department. The recommended project team comprises members drawn from different organisations. The team has the following responsibilities: To understand the work to be accomplished Planning of the activities in detail if need be Completion of the work assigned within the timeframe, budget, and the desired quality Informing the manager about scope changes, risk, issues and quality concerns Proactive communication of status and management of expectations. A team is formed by people who understand their role. They are led by a project manager who is interested in the success of the project. The project manager is vital. He must display a flexible approach in his leadership style (Lewis, 1995). Leadership style and skills through the phases Regardless of the complexity or scope, all projects go through various phases during their lives. There is initiation where output and essential factors of success are defined. The planning phase, whose principal characteristic involves a break down of the project into smaller manageable units. Next is the execution phase where the planned project is carried out. Finally there is exit phase marking the project completion (Visit Ask, 2004). Initiation This is the initial stage of the project where a clear definition of the project’s scope is done alongside the approach to be employed in delivering the required output. This is where the project management team is chosen basing on their experiences and skills. The project leader must be very flexible to allow a change or overhaul of the scope if need arises. His leadership style should be such that it allows contributions of all the team members for the project to run smoothly. This will make use of the various skills, experiences and talents that will go a long way in delivering a high quality output. Planning This stage involves identifying in detail all the tasks and assigning them. It also involves analyzing risk and defining a criterion for successfully completing every deliverable. This is where the definition of the governing process is done. Identification of stakeholders, period of reporting and the channels are agreed. Business Plans are used in this stage. The project manager should be able to assign tasks and responsibilities to the right people basing on their experience, skills and talents. The project leader should be flexible enough not think he is the most knowledgeable and experienced of all the team members. He should do more of coordination since he is good among equals. The governance process of the project should also avoid rigidity to allow free participation of all members of the team. In as much as it is important to adhere to the time schedule, this should not compromise the quality of the output. The team should therefore have an allowance within its stipulated completion of the various tasks. This will involve extending the time for some tasks while reducing it for others. The plans used in the project should also have contingency alternatives to be used in case of failure of the original. This should be done in consultation with other team members and stakeholders and of course the client. Execution and controlling This is where one ensures proper control and execution of project activities. During this phase, the earlier plan is implemented in solving the particulars of the project’s specifications. When developing the product and system, a design that results in a particular set of product requirements is made. Measurement of the convergence is done using prototypes, tests and a review. During the execution stage, a plan for the final testing, producing and support is made by the various groups in the organisation. Some of the tools employed during this phase include Milestones Reviews and Business Plan. This is a very sensitive area that needs proper teamwork. Models and prototypes are developed and tested. There should be flexibility to allow improvement of the prototype. Again, the skills, talents and experience of the team members should be used for the sake of a good quality project output. Closure This is the final stage of the project. The manager ensures the project is completed properly. A formal project review report is written. It involves the client officially accepting the product, comparing the client specifications with those of the product. Other contents include a reward to the team, lessons learned, release of the project’s resources and an official closing notification to the top management. Conclusion Project management is an important aspect of many organisations. It is therefore important that these projects deliver their desired results within the stipulated period of time. This calls for teamwork among the stakeholders, clients and the project team members. Most importantly, the project team needs to work together. The team leader must therefore ensure the team works together harmoniously. He should therefore adopt a flexible style in leadership to accommodate all the skills, talents and experiences of the members. This will ensure that good quality output is delivered at the end of the project.